Practice 04 — Geospatial

Ground truth that survives audit and handover.

Satellite earth observation and GIS, delivered so planners, operators, and regulators look at the same evidence. Repeatable pipelines. Documented lineage. Standards-native from the first tile.

Change detection, in continuous sweep.

Representative slice of the operational monitoring surface. Customer tenants carry full STAC catalog, model provenance, and ground-truth correlation on every event.

SCENE · SENTINEL-2 L2A · CHANGE DETECTION
sweep · 6s
EVT-44AEVT-44BEVT-45EVT-46EVT-47
TILE / 45UTU 2026-05-15
RESOLUTION / 10m GSD
CLOUD COVER / 4.2%
EVENTS / 5 ACTIVE
STATE / LIVE SWEEP

Seven delivery areas.
One operating standard.

Each area is industry-standard, but the discipline is ours: documented, auditable, repeatable. We do not deliver a tile that cannot be traced to its provenance.

AREA / 01

Earth Observation

Commercial and open-data constellation selection, tasking, budget management. Optical, SAR, multispectral. Cloud masking, atmospheric correction, temporal compositing.

  • Constellation tasking · Sentinel · Planet · Maxar · Capella
  • Change detection & alerting on unauthorised land use
AREA / 02

Aerial, Drone & Field Survey

In-house survey crew with RTK GNSS, total station, and UAV payloads. Flight planning with GCPs and accuracy budgets. Orthomosaic, DSM, DTM outputs. Hydrographic and topographic capture where the operation demands it.

  • Sub-centimetre photogrammetry · ASPRS-classified LiDAR
  • Bathymetric survey for navigation, dredging, sediment
AREA / 03

GIS & Web Mapping

ArcGIS Enterprise, QGIS, PostGIS — versioned and branch-aware. MapLibre, Mapbox, Cesium for 2D and 3D web maps. Vector-tile pipelines and accessible cartography.

  • Geocoding workflows with international format support
  • Colour-vision accessibility built into style decisions
AREA / 04

Spatial Analysis

Terrain derivatives — slope, aspect, hydrology, viewshed, roughness. Land-cover classification with accuracy assessment. Network analysis for routing, service areas, siting.

  • Geostatistical interpolation with uncertainty communicated
  • Heat-map generation grounded in real ground truth
AREA / 05

Reference Data

National address gazetteers, deduplication and conflation, postal & POI datasets with licensing compliance. Geofences, service boundaries, administrative boundaries with maintenance cycles.

  • Address validation, hygiene, batch deduplication
  • Boundary cadence aligned to your operational tempo
AREA / 06

IoT & Operational Fusion

MQTT sensor time-series ingestion, edge buffering, backhaul-cost awareness. Fleet and asset tracking with geofenced alerts. Lightweight digital-twin integration with GIS and BIM.

  • Maintenance trigger automation tied to fleet position
  • Digital twin where the investment is actually justified
AREA / 07

Data & Catalogues

STAC catalogs, COG pipelines, COG-friendly tile pyramids on object storage. OGC services (WMS, WFS, WMTS). Vector tiles. Metadata, lineage, quality SLAs for internal teams that depend on imagery.

  • Security classification & access controls on sensitive layers
  • Audit logs for every read of restricted scenes

From the field to the catalog.
Every shot, logged.

The deep capture stack beneath the seven practice areas. Survey crew, photogrammetric chain, and remote-sensing pipelines — each step instrumented for retro-verification. No tile enters the catalog without its lineage.

CHAIN / 01
Hydrographic · Bathymetric

Seabed survey & DTM

Single-beam, multi-beam, sub-bottom — picked per task, never per habit. Pre and post dredge volumetrics that survive contract dispute. Vertical-datum traceability documented on every cast.

Nav · Dredge · Sediment · Habitat
CHAIN / 02
Topographic

Ground truth, instrumented

In-house crew. Total station, level traverse, GNSS RTK — chosen for the task, logged for the audit. Closure errors reported, not absorbed. Field books survive the project.

Total Station · Level · GCP
CHAIN / 03
RTK · GNSS

Cm-grade positioning

Base-rover with documented vector chains. Cm-accurate fixes anchored to public reference networks. Every shot retro-verifiable against base raw observations.

Drone RTK · Powerline · Offshore rig
CHAIN / 04
LiDAR

Classified point clouds

Airborne and terrestrial scanning. Returns separated and classified to ASPRS spec. Ground, vegetation, building, wire — each class carried forward with its provenance into DTM and BIM workflows.

Airborne · Terrestrial · MLS
CHAIN / 05
Photogrammetry · AT

Bundle adjustment, reported

Aerial triangulation against documented GCPs. RMSE figures travel with every orthoproduct. Stereo pairs and camera reports archived for future re-bundling — your imagery does not become a black box.

Stereo · GCP · Camera Calib
CHAIN / 06
Orthorectification

Tilt and relief, removed

Imagery rectified against documented elevation model. Constant scale, planimetric correctness, mensuration-ready. Spatial accuracy budget agreed upfront, validated against independent check points.

Sensor model · DEM · ICP
CHAIN / 07
DEM · DTM

Terrain models, defensible

DEM from LiDAR ground returns or stereo correlation. DTM with breaklines where stereo fails — shadow, water, low-contrast canopy. Off-the-shelf, archived stereo, or tasked custom collect — picked to fit accuracy class.

DEM · DSM · DTM · Breaklines
CHAIN / 08
Planimetric · Cadastral

Feature extraction & mouza

Horizontal-only extraction at agreed accuracy class. Feature codes that map cleanly to your asset catalog. Mouza-grade parcel records, conflated against current ownership — boundary disputes resolved with archival evidence, not assertion.

Planimetric · Mouza · LULC
CHAIN / 09
UAV · Drone Survey

Airframe to orthomosaic

RGB, multispectral, and LiDAR payloads on RTK-capable airframes. Site survey at survey-grade accuracy in a fraction of traditional field time. Each image tagged, each mission logged, each output tied back to the flight log.

RGB · Multispec · LiDAR payload
CHAIN / 10
DGPS · Static GNSS

Differential, post-processed

Static and rapid-static occupations against CORS or local base. Post-processed differential corrections for control densification, monument recovery, and accuracy classes where real-time fixes are not defensible.

Control · Monument · CORS
CHAIN / 11
3D Modeling · BIM

Buildings, cities, assets in 3D

Mesh and solid models from photogrammetry, LiDAR, and stereo capture. Textured building footprints, LoD2 / LoD3 city models, and BIM-aligned asset reconstructions. Geometry that pairs with your GIS and survives design review.

LoD2 · LoD3 · Mesh · BIM
CHAIN / 12
LULC · Classification

Land cover, land use, change

Thematic classification from VNIR, SWIR, hyperspectral, and SAR. OBIA and CNN pipelines with accuracy assessment and confusion matrices. Multi-epoch differencing for encroachment, deforestation, urban expansion, and disaster delineation.

OBIA · CNN · Change detection

Standards-native. Vendor-neutral. Defensible.

We pick stack to fit your operation — not to entrench ours. Open standards are the floor. Proprietary tools sit on top only where they earn their place.

Catalog
STAC 1.0+ with extensions for SAR, EO, scientific. Searchable by space, time, sensor, processing level.
Raster
Cloud-Optimised GeoTIFF (COG) as the primary raster carrier. Tile pyramids generated on ingest. Range-request friendly.
Vector
GeoParquet, FlatGeobuf, vector tiles (MVT). PostGIS for transactional editing. Versioned branches where workflow requires.
Services
OGC WMS · WFS · WMTS · API-Features · API-Tiles. ArcGIS Image Server patterns where the customer is already invested.
Compute
Dask, xarray, Sentinel Hub processing, openEO. GPU-accelerated where SAR or deep-learning inference demands it.
Visualisation
MapLibre, Cesium, deck.gl. Server-side rendering for sensitive data. Print-grade cartographic output for regulatory submissions.
Security
Per-scene classification labels. Row-level access policies. Audit log on every read of restricted assets. Data sovereignty by deployment.

Instruments that show their working.

Hardware picked for the accuracy class the job demands. Calibration files travel with every dataset. Serial numbers and firmware versions logged on every cast.

RTK GNSS
South G1+ · Topcon GR5 — dual-band survey-grade receivers. Base-rover and NTRIP. Cm-class horizontal, sub-3 cm vertical against public reference.
Total Station
Sokkia 1M-101 — 1″ class, robotic, prism-tracking. Closure errors reported, not absorbed.
UAV
DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise · Mavic 2 Pro — RTK-capable airframes for sub-cm photogrammetry. Mission-planned with GCP budget agreed upfront.
Laser & Distance
Topcon 2LS Vega — class 2 laser distance meters. Handheld GPS — Garmin field-grade for reconnaissance and verification only.
Photogrammetric Stack
Intel Xeon · Nvidia 3D Vision — stereo-capable workstations. Pix4D · Agisoft Metashape · ESurvey CADD for bundle adjustment, ortho, earthworks volumetrics.
Site Monitoring
Uniview PTZ & solar IP cameras — site documentation paired with survey epochs. Footage indexed to STAC, retained per project data-retention contract.
Survey Software
QGIS · PostGIS · ArcGIS for cartographic and analytic output. OBIA · CNN deep-learning pipelines for VNIR, SWIR, hyperspectral classification.

Use cases that move operational decisions, not slides.

ENERGY · UTILITIES

Asset integrity and encroachment

Powerline, pipeline, and rail corridor monitoring. Vegetation encroachment alerts. Asset-condition tracking from drone and satellite, fused with field telemetry.

AGRICULTURE

Yield, water, supply chain

Crop classification, water-stress detection, harvest readiness. Supply-chain traceability from field to processor, anchored to verifiable satellite evidence.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Construction progress & verification

Weekly drone surveys with documented accuracy budgets. Progress vs. plan, automatic. Earthworks volumetrics for milestone billing.

GOVERNMENT

Land use, planning, compliance

Unauthorised land-use detection at national scale. Planning permission verification. Disaster-response common operating picture, ready in hours.

INSURANCE · RISK

Portfolio exposure & claims

Geocoded exposure modelling. Post-event damage assessment. Fraud detection through pre-event imagery. Defensible to reinsurance partners.

DEFENCE · SECURITY

Sovereign monitoring & ISR support

Air-gapped deployment available. Multi-source fusion. Chain-of-custody preserved from ingest to product. Sovereign data residency built in.

MARITIME · PORTS · DREDGING

Bathymetry, dredge, sediment

Pre and post dredge bathymetric survey with documented vertical datum. Volume calculations defensible to contract dispute. Seabed habitat, sub-bottom composition, sediment thickness — captured for navigation and consent compliance.

CADASTRE · LAND ADMIN

Mouza, parcel, gazetteer

Mouza-grade cadastral mapping with conflation against current ownership. National address gazetteers, planimetric extraction, LULC classification for planning and taxation. Boundary cadence aligned to your operational tempo.

ENVIRONMENT · LULC

Land cover, habitat, encroachment

Multi-epoch LULC classification for natural-resource management, wildlife habitat protection, and urban encroachment. Damage delineation for flood, fire, and seismic events. Baseline thematic mapping for downstream GIS workflows.

URBAN · 3D · BIM

City models & asset reconstruction

LoD2 and LoD3 city models from drone and stereo capture. Textured building meshes, BIM-aligned asset reconstructions, and 3D landing-strip / corridor / bridge geometry. Pairs with GIS for planning review and digital-twin handover.

Engage

Show us a hectare. We will show you the system.

Pilot scope agreed in one call. First operational output in 30 days. Standards-native, vendor-neutral, defensible from the first tile.

Request Pilot Scope Architecture Detail